New research has discovered something surprising: a study in mice found that issues with controlling blood sugar–the hallmark of diabetes–may start in the intestines. It has long been theorized that diabetes begins in the liver or pancreas, but researchers at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis found evidence that may upend long-held theories about the disease’s causes. Sugar is stored in the liver and insulin is produced in the pancreas, so scientists have previously looked to those organs for the underlying causes of diabetes. For the study, researchers studied mice that are unable to make fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the intestines, which is a critical enzyme in the production of lipids. FAS is regulated by insulin, and people with diabetes have defects in FAS.
The findings indicated that the mice without the enzyme in the intestines developed chronic inflammation in the gut, a strong predictor of diabetes. They had lost the protective lining of mucus in the intestines that keeps microbes from direct exposure to cells, allowing bacteria to enter cells in the gut. This made the mice sick, and they experienced weight loss and diarrhea. The lead study author, Xiaochao Wei, PhD, explained that in order to keep the mucus layer intact, fatty acid synthase is required. Bad bacteria will invade cells in the colon and the small intestine without this mucus, creating inflammation which contributes to insulin resistance and diabetes. These findings are in agreement with some of the early signs of diabetes, which are often reports of stomach pain and diarrhea. More research is needed; however, FAS, as well as an important component of the intestinal mucosa called Muc2, might be potential targets for diabetes therapy. The researchers will next study diabetic people to see whether FAS is altered in a way similar to the mice.
Weight loss surgery has been shown in most cases to improve or even resolves diabetes. You can learn more about LifeShape Advanced Bariatric Center of Florida’s comprehensive weight loss program here.

Follow Us!